UMartin Lee ukufanelekele ngokukhethekile ukukhuluma nge-CBD. Ubelokhu ebhala ngensangu kusukela ngeminyaka yama-90s lapho insangu insangu yayiguquguquka kakhulu futhi inodlame. Wabona amaphoyisa aseCalifornia eshaya iziguli ezihlalweni zabakhubazekile ngenxa yokutholakala nensangu yezokwelapha esemthethweni ngemuva kokudlula emhlabeni kweProp 215 ngo-1996. Ukungabi nabulungisa kwamkhuthaza ukuba ahlole izenzakalo zamasiko ngobuntatheli.
Njengentatheli, u-Lee wasungula i- Ukulunga nokunemba ekubikeni Iqembu le-media watchdog (FAIR). Ungumbhali wezincwadi eziningi ze-cannabis okuhlanganisa Izimpawu Zentuthu kanye ne-Reader's Digest's Umhlahlandlela Obalulekile we-CBD. Ngo-2009, wethula i-Project CBD njengesisetshenziswa kule cannabinoid entsha nejabulisayo. U-Lee washesha ukuqaphela ukuthi ngokungafani nensangu yokwelapha, i-CBD yayinokushintsha okungahle kube nezimo zengqondo ezingezinhle zesiko mayelana ne-cannabis futhi iphinde ifake uphawu lwesitshalo ngombono omuhle.
Ngokuhlanganisa isizinda sakhe sokubika kanye nobushoshovu be-cannabis, i-Project CBD yaba ireferensi kunoma ubani ofuna izindaba nesayensi ye-CBD esemthethweni. Insiza efana Iphrojekthi ye-CBD iyadingeka ngoba ingxoxo ye-cannabis yenziwe ihaba kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, ngesikhathi esifanayo i-boogeyman njenge-taboo njenge-meth, kanye ne-panacea elungele ukwelapha umhlaba ezinkingeni zawo eziningi. Sifinyelele ku-Lee ukuze sibe nengxoxo engokoqobo mayelana ne-cannabidiol futhi sathinta yonke into kusukela ku-CBD hype kuya kusongo olukhulu lokunyakaza kwensangu namuhla.
Ukunqamula i-hype
Vumela i-CBD izikhulumele yona
Kuvele ukuthi akunzima ukuxoxisana ngesikhundla sakhe njengesishoshovu sensangu, kwesinye isikhathi, sigxeke imboni ayithuthukisayo. "Kuningi okwenzekayo mayelana nezinzuzo zezokwelapha nge-CBD ikakhulukazi futhi akufanele umuntu enze ihaba," kusho u-Lee. "Umuntu udinga ukufunda ukuthi angayisebenzisa kanjani, ayisebenzise ngokugcwele."
I-CBD isiphenduke inguqulo yomugqa wethegi ka-2010, "Kunohlelo lokusebenza lwalokho." Ukuvuvukala? Kukhona i-CBD yalokho. Ukhathazekile? Kukhona i-CBD yalokho. Isifo samathambo? Isebenzela lokho, futhi. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-CBD, ingathinta abantu njengowoyela wenyoka, kusho u-Lee. "Empeleni kunesisekelo sesayensi sokuqonda ukuthi i-CBD, ngokugcizelela okungenzeka, izoba yintuthuko ezifweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene," kusho yena.
Leso sisekelo sesayensi u-Lee abhekisela kuso i uhlelo lwe-endocannabinoid, inethiwekhi yebhayoloji esabela kuma-endocannabinoids akhiqizwa ngokwemvelo omzimba. Iphinde ihlanganyele nama-phytocannabinoids avela ezitshalweni, ikakhulukazi i-CBD ne-THC ku-cannabis. Uhlelo lwe-endocannabinoid, noma lungaqondwa kahle, luyisizathu sobuningi bokusetshenziswa kwe-CBD.
Izilwane zinezinhlelo ze-endocannabinoid, futhi, futhi izifundo ze-CBD yezilwane zibonise imiphumela enethemba. Kodwa u-Lee uveza igebe elikhulu phakathi kwalokho okwaziwa umphakathi wesayensi ngezifundo zezilwane kanye nendlela i-CBD esebenza ngayo kubantu. “Ewonke umuntu usemkhankasweni wokufunda,” usho kanje. "Kodwa-ke, kunobufakazi obuningi bangempela babantu abanolwazi olunzulu nge-CBD."
Imvelo ephelele ye-CBD idlula indlela exhumana ngayo nomzimba. U-Lee uthi elinye lamaphuzu abalulekile omhlahlandlela we-Reader's Digest CBD ukukhombisa ukuthi i-cannabidiol isetshenziswa kangcono ukweseka impilo enempilo iyonke. “Abantu abaningi abalisebenzisi ezimweni zezempilo ezimangazayo—bakhetha ukulisebenzisa njengohlobo lwemithi yezempilo,” usho kanje.
Indlela yezokwelapha yaseNtshonalanga yokwelapha iphikisana nendlela ephelele. Sijwayele umuthi owodwa wesifo esisodwa. Bheka ikhabethe lemithi yesiguli somdlavuza futhi uthole inqwaba yemithi yokwelapha izimpawu ezibangelwa eminye imithi. I-CBD ihambisana nendlela ephelele yokubhekana nembangela, kunezimpawu. Ikhuthaza ubudlelwano obuhlukile maqondana nempilo futhi isuka ekuthembeleni ngokweqile kodokotela nezidakamizwa.
I-pharmaceuticalization ye-cannabis
I-CBD Isolate vs. Whole Plant Extracts
Okuxakayo ukuthi, kwakuyisidakamizwa esisiza ukwenza i-CBD ibe semthethweni. Kuyaziwa ebhizinisini le-cannabis ukuthi u-Epidiolex, umuthi we-CBD ogunyazwe yi-FDA wesithuthwane sezingane, uqhubekisele phambili ukugunyazwa kwensangu yezokwelapha nezokuzijabulisa futhi yasiza ukwenza kube semthethweni ezolimo ze-hemp.
Nakuba i-Epidiolex ingase ibe yinhle kakhulu emizamweni yokugunyazwa, u-Lee uyakugxeka ukusebenza kwayo ngoba imithi yenziwa ngezinhlanganisela ezingazodwa. "Akukho lutho olungcono ngemithi ye-CBD (yodwa) uma kuqhathaniswa namafutha abalulekile alezi zitshalo," usho kanje. "Eqinisweni, ungenza ingxabano yokuthi uwoyela obalulekile ungcono njengendlela yokwelapha abantu, futhi kunesayensi enhle ngemuva kwalokho." U-Lee ebhekise kumphumela wokuhlangana, igama elimnandi elichaza ukuthi amakhulukhulu enhlanganisela atholakala kanjani i-CBD ephelele ukukhishwa sebenzisana kangcono kunokuzimela.
Yonke indlela yokwelapha insangu i-Catch 22—iqinisekise i-CBD ne-THC kubantu abaningi, kodwa i-Big Pharma ayinasithakazelo kuzo zonke izitshalo ezikhishwe.
"Inkinga ukuthi izinsiza zokulawula zikhetha ukuzihlukanisa ngoba lokho kuhambisana kakhulu nendlela yokwenza imithi," kusho u-Lee. Isizathu sokuthi abenzi bezidakamizwa bakhethe ama-compounds ezintandane yingoba kulula ukukala imiphumela yabo uma kuqhathaniswa namakhulu ama-compounds, ngakho-ke, amakhulu ezici ezivela kusitshalo sonke esikhishwe. Futhi, i-FDA ibona kuphela ukuhlukaniswa kwe-CBD njengokusemthethweni ngokomthetho, ngakho-ke kukhona lokho. U-Lee uthi akuyona indaba yokuphikisana ngokuthi ama-isolate noma ama-extracts ezitshalo eziphelele angcono ngoba ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo. Inkinga iwukuthi i-isolate inelungelo emphakathini wemithi lapho kungafanele khona.
"Ukuphela kwendlela i-cannabis ezoba ngayo iqiniso [elishanelayo] lezokwelapha uma lezi zinhlanganisela zihlukaniswa - ama-cannabinoids amancane adalwe elebhu - futhi adayiswa njengomuthi," esho. “Kukhona ukuphusha okukhulu ukwenziwa kwemithi ye isitshalo, kodwa ulahlekelwa okuthile lapho wenza kanjalo."
Isenzo sokulinganisa
I-CBD engcono kakhulu ku-THC Isilinganiso
Kuyaziwa ukuthi iresiphi yokwelapha engcono kakhulu iyinhlanganisela ye-THC ne-CBD nezinye izinhlanganisela zezitshalo. Kodwa kunesenzo sokulinganisa esidlalwayo phakathi kokusebenza kwengqondo, ukuthi kungakanani okuzokwenza uphakame, nokuthi yini eletha inani elikhulu kakhulu lokwelapha. U-Lee uthi isilinganiso somuntu oyedwa-kuya koyedwa singaba isiqalo esihle, kodwa lezi zitshalo ziyizitshalo zensangu ezidakayo. Abantu abanobuhlungu obungapheli bangase bangafuni ukuba phezulu njalo. (Kodwa-ke, ikhwalithi ephezulu ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-1 yezitshalo ihluke kakhulu kunaleyo etholakala esimakethe nge-male bro 30-percent ye-THC strains.) U-Lee uthi asikho isilinganiso esiphelele se-THC ne-CBD esithola inani eliphezulu lokwelapha ngaphandle imiphumela ye-psychoactive.
“Ukuba ne-euphoria noma i-dysphoria akusona isitshalo ngokwaso, yindlela isitshalo esisebenzelana ngayo nomuntu,” kusho u-Lee. "Abantu abahlukene bagaya ama-cannabinoids ngendlela ehlukile ... Kwabanye abantu, ngisho nenani elincane kakhulu le-THC abalithola lingakhululekile."
Ukuhlangana okujulile
I-Cannabis Movement Namuhla
Kusenendlela ende okufanele yenziwe ukuze kwenziwe kube semthethweni, kodwa ama-dominoes ayawa: Ukulima kwe-Hemp kusemthethweni; abantu abaningi baqonda ukubaluleka kokwelapha kwe-cannabis; izifundazwe ziyaqhubeka nokugunyaza insangu yezokungcebeleka, futhi ukugunyazwa kombuso kuseduze. "Usongo" lwesishoshovu se-cannabis ngo-2021 luwukungqubuzana kwezingxabano uma kuqhathaniswa nabavimbeli be-invoyisi kanye nabaseshi besikhathi esidlule.
“Sisesigabeni esijule kakhuluephuma kule nto ye-Covid, inkinga yesimo sezulu, inkinga yokucwasa nokungalingani, ”kusho u-Lee. "Insangu ibandakanyeka kuzo zonke lezi zinkinga ngendlela ethakazelisa kakhulu."
Ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, isibonelo, igesi ebamba ukushisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okubangelwa izikhungo zokukhula zasendlini ziyiqiniso elisangulukisayo. Kodwa futhi kukhona abantu abaningi ngaphakathi embonini abasebenza ukulwa ne-emissions. U-Lee usebenzisa isibonelo sabalimi abambalwa baseCalifornia abalima insangu eyomile—abawasebenzisi amanzi!—okuyinto ephawulekayo. Kungukuqamba okusha okujabulisayo okufana nalokhu okugcina abasebenzi beProjekthi CBD bematasa.
“Kuningi okwenzekayo, kucishe kube yihlazo lengcebo ukukhetha izinto ezahlukene ozogxila kuzo kithina babhali,” kusho uLee. Akakwazi ukukhetha ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yocwaningo lwe-CBD emjabulisa kakhulu, kodwa muva nje ube nentshisekelo ocwaningweni lwe-THC/CBD stem cell, kanye nokuxhumana phakathi I-ECS kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-gut-brian.
“Sesigxile ku-CBD iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10. Ngandlela thize siwenzile umsebenzi wethu. Sibheke ukunwebeka kancane [ezinye izingxenye zesitshalo],” kusho yena “Kuyaxaka, ekuqaleni besitshela umphakathi wezokwelapha, 'Niyazi, i-THC akuyona ukuphela kwegeyimu edolobheni.' Kulezi zinsuku sitshela abantu, 'I-CBD ipholile, kodwa akuwona kuphela umdlalo edolobheni.'
Njengengxenye enkulu yemboni, u-Lee ilukuluku lidonselwa kwamanye ama-cannabinoids amancane njenge-CBN, i-CBC, i-CBG, i-terpenes nezinye izinhlanganisela esisaqala ukuziqonda. Ngokubuya kwensangu endaweni yamasiko kanye nomphakathi wezokwelapha, akukho ukuqagela ukuthi lesi sitshalo esiyimpikiswano nesibalulekile sizophelelaphi ngokulandelayo.
